In Down syndrome maternal serum testing, what happens to estriol and gonadotrophin levels?

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Multiple Choice

In Down syndrome maternal serum testing, what happens to estriol and gonadotrophin levels?

Explanation:
Down syndrome affects the placental production pattern seen in maternal serum screening. Estriol, produced from fetal-placental steroidogenesis, tends to be lower in DS pregnancies. Gonadotrophin, mainly represented by hCG produced by the placental trophoblast, is higher in DS pregnancies. So the typical maternal serum pattern is decreased estriol with increased gonadotrophin. This helps differentiate DS from other conditions, where the pattern of these markers differs (for example, some conditions show both markers low, or estriol high).

Down syndrome affects the placental production pattern seen in maternal serum screening. Estriol, produced from fetal-placental steroidogenesis, tends to be lower in DS pregnancies. Gonadotrophin, mainly represented by hCG produced by the placental trophoblast, is higher in DS pregnancies. So the typical maternal serum pattern is decreased estriol with increased gonadotrophin. This helps differentiate DS from other conditions, where the pattern of these markers differs (for example, some conditions show both markers low, or estriol high).

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