In many children with Down syndrome, which cognitive profile is typical?

• A. Above average intelligence
• B. Normal cognitive development
• C. Severe intellectual disability
• D. Mild to moderate intellectual disability

Answer: (D)

Down syndrome commonly presents with a mild to moderate intellectual disability. This means that overall cognitive function is below age-matched peers, though not in every case as severe as profound disability. Most individuals with Down syndrome fall into the mild-to-moderate range on standardized cognitive measures. You’ll also see a recognizable pattern: strengths in social engagement and daily living skills, with relative challenges in language development (especially expressive language), working memory, and processing speed. While there is variability, choices suggesting above-average intelligence or normal cognitive development are not typical, and severe intellectual disability is less common than the mild-to-moderate profile.