What are the two specific problems that occur under vestibulo-proprioceptive dysfunction?

• A. Overreactive or under-reactive VP system
• B. Visual tracking deficits
• C. Hyperactive reflexes only
• D. Auditory hypersensitivity

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that the vestibulo-proprioceptive (VP) system helps regulate how we respond to movement and know where our body is in space. When VP functioning is off, two distinct patterns show up: the system can be overreactive, meaning exaggerated responses to movement, rapid distress with movement, and avoidance of activities that involve balance or spinning; or it can be under-reactive, meaning a muted or delayed response to movement and body position, leading to clumsy or uncoordinated behavior and a need for strong proprioceptive input to notice or organize movement.

So the two specific problems are an overreactive VP system or an under-reactive VP system. Visual tracking deficits or auditory hypersensitivity involve other sensory systems, and hyperactive reflexes alone don’t capture the VP-specific reactivity pattern.