Which combination of visual and sensory features is most consistent with Down syndrome according to the material?

• A. Visual deficits include congenital cataracts; sensory processing is typically enhanced
• B. Visual deficits include nearsightedness and farsightedness; sensory processing shows decreased proprioception and postural insecurity
• C. Visual deficits include glaucoma; sensory processing is normal
• D. Visual deficits are absent; sensory processing includes hyperactive proprioception

Answer: (B)

In Down syndrome, the visual system often shows refractive errors rather than absence of vision problems. Children commonly have both hyperopia (farsightedness) and myopia (nearsightedness) along with other eye issues like astigmatism or strabismus. At the same time, sensory processing differences are common, particularly related to proprioception and balance, because of underlying hypotonia and motor delays. This combination—refractive errors affecting how clearly the eyes focus, plus proprioceptive processing differences that lead to postural insecurity—fits the statement described.

Other options don’t fit as well. Visual issues like congenital cataracts or glaucoma aren’t typical hallmarks of Down syndrome, and saying sensory processing is normal ignores well-documented processing differences. Likewise, claiming absent visual deficits or hyperactive proprioception contradicts the common pattern of ocular refractive errors and reduced, not heightened, proprioceptive function in this population.