Which describes our management role in Stage 2 spina bifida?

• A. ROM - only
• B. Baseline LE function only
• C. ROM and positioning only
• D. Baseline motor level/LE function; ROM; Positioning; Educating parents in handling; Promoting sensorimotor stimulation for development

Answer: (D)

In Stage 2 spina bifida, the rehab approach is full-spectrum: you establish where the child is functionally, maintain and protect joints, position the body to prevent secondary problems, involve the family in daily care, and provide experiences that support development. Starting with the baseline motor level and lower-extremity function gives a clear picture of current capabilities and helps set realistic goals. Incorporating range of motion routines keeps joints flexible and helps prevent contractures. Positioning strategies protect alignment, skin integrity, and overall comfort as the child grows. Educating parents in safe handling and daily care ensures consistent, development-supportive practices at home. Promoting sensorimotor stimulation engages the child in meaningful movements and experiences that support neurodevelopment and skill acquisition. This integrated plan addresses assessment, prevention, and developmental support, making it the most comprehensive description of the management role.

The other options fall short because they cover only a subset of these needs—focusing solely on ROM, baseline function, or ROM and positioning—without including caregiver education or sensorimotor development, which are essential for Stage 2 rehabilitation.