Which of the following is a common associated problem with spina bifida?

• A. Hearing loss
• B. Hydrocephalus
• C. Asthma
• D. Diabetes

Answer: (B)

Hydrocephalus is a common associated problem with spina bifida because many children with the neural tube defect—especially those with myelomeningocele—develop Arnold-Chiari II malformation. This downward displacement of the hindbrain disrupts normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, leading to obstructive hydrocephalus and enlarged ventricles. Clinically, this often means the child needs monitoring for signs of increased intracranial pressure and may require a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to drain CSF. Recognizing this association is important for rehabilitation planning, as hydrocephalus can impact cognitive and motor development and may require multidisciplinary management.

Hearing loss, asthma, and diabetes are not characteristic associations with spina bifida. They can occur independently but are not a typical concurrent complication of the spinal defect itself.