Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for spina bifida in the material?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for spina bifida in the material?

Explanation:
Regular exercise during pregnancy is not listed as a risk factor for spina bifida. In most materials, factors that increase risk include hyperthermia in the first trimester (fever or heat exposure during early pregnancy), lower socioeconomic status (which can relate to nutrition and access to prenatal care), and anticonvulsant use during pregnancy (especially certain drugs like valproate). Because safe, moderate exercise is not associated with neural tube defects and is generally encouraged for maternal–fetal health, it stands out as not being a listed risk factor.

Regular exercise during pregnancy is not listed as a risk factor for spina bifida. In most materials, factors that increase risk include hyperthermia in the first trimester (fever or heat exposure during early pregnancy), lower socioeconomic status (which can relate to nutrition and access to prenatal care), and anticonvulsant use during pregnancy (especially certain drugs like valproate). Because safe, moderate exercise is not associated with neural tube defects and is generally encouraged for maternal–fetal health, it stands out as not being a listed risk factor.

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