Which statement about Down syndrome is true?

• A. Cardiac anomalies and GI difficulties are common.
• B. Down syndrome is not associated with leukemia.
• C. There are no increased health risks in Down syndrome.
• D. All individuals with Down syndrome have the same cardiac status.

Answer: (A)

Down syndrome commonly has multiple comorbidities, with congenital heart defects and gastrointestinal problems occurring more often than in children without Down syndrome. Cardiac anomalies are one of the most frequent issues seen and often drive early evaluation and management. Gastrointestinal problems, such as duodenal atresia or Hirschsprung disease, also occur more frequently and can affect feeding and growth. Because of these typical associations, the statement that cardiac anomalies and GI difficulties are common accurately reflects the health patterns seen in Down syndrome. It’s also important to know that there is an increased leukemia risk in this population and that health risks and cardiac status vary between individuals.