In Down syndrome, equilibrium reactions typically show what pattern?

• A. Earlier onset and less sway
• B. Increased latency and increased body sway
• C. No delay and normal sway
• D. Complete absence of responses

Answer: (B)

Equilibrium (postural) reactions are protective responses that help maintain balance when the body is displaced. In Down syndrome, hypotonia and ligamentous laxity weaken trunk control, so the muscles needed to correct posture respond more slowly and less forcefully. This leads to delayed activation (increased latency) and greater body sway when assessing balance. Therefore, the pattern you’d expect is increased latency with increased sway. This fits the typical motor profile of Down syndrome, where responses are present but slower and less stable, rather than occurring earlier, being normal, or being completely absent.